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- <text id=90TT0045>
- <title>
- Jan. 08, 1990: When Tyrants Fall
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Jan. 08, 1990 When Tyrants Fall
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 26
- COVER STORIES
- When Tyrants Fall
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Otto Friedrich
- </p>
- <p> The images that linger are those of naked bodies lying in
- rows on the ground, many with their ankles tied together with
- barbed wire. One is a boy of about three, too young to be a
- freedom fighter, too young to be a rebel, too young to be lying
- naked in the snow; another is a seven-month fetus on the torso
- of its disemboweled mother. But it was not just a slaughter of
- the innocents in Rumania last week. A few days later came
- another unforgettable image: the fallen dictator Nicolae
- Ceausescu, executed by a firing squad, a pool of blood by his
- head.
- </p>
- <p> Until now, it seemed almost miraculous how peacefully the
- process of change was transforming the world. Except in China,
- where troops mowed down students demonstrating for democracy
- in Tiananmen Square last spring, nation after nation saw crowds
- peacefully marching in the streets, and governments peacefully,
- if grudgingly, giving way. We want freedom!, the crowds chanted
- in Warsaw, Budapest, East Berlin, Sofia, Prague. One by one,
- the rejected leaders of the former Soviet satellites, abandoned
- by Moscow, promised free elections--and more or less faded
- into oblivion. The Berlin Wall came tumbling down; the cold war
- ended. And only last week history was further rewritten when
- Czechoslovakia's onetime reformer Alexander Dubcek, whose effort
- to achieve "socialism with a human face" was smashed by Soviet
- tanks in 1968, re-emerged from oblivion to head the National
- Parliament; shortly thereafter, frequently imprisoned
- playwright Vaclav Havel was elected President. It was as though
- the age-old rules of political conflict had been suspended, and
- the wolf would dwell with the lamb, the leopard would lie down
- with the kid. Until the Christmas season in Rumania--with
- thousands dead, the worst bloodshed in Europe since the
- Hungarian uprising of 1956.
- </p>
- <p> By a rather unpleasant irony, the U.S. was involved in
- bloodshed as well. Unpleasantly ironic because while the
- Soviets stood by and did nothing in Rumania, the U.S. was
- violating its pledge under the charter of the Organization of
- American States not to invade a neighbor. In most ways, of
- course, the downfall of Panama's General Manuel Noriega had
- little in common with Ceausescu's overthrow. The Rumanian was
- driven out by his own people, the Panamanian by an outside army.
- The Rumanian ran and was caught; the Panamanian found
- sanctuary in the Vatican nunciature in Panama City and may yet
- escape punishment. What the two episodes had in common was the
- simple fact that they rid the world of two dictators.
- </p>
- <p> As tyrants go, Ceausescu was surely crueler, more methodical
- and more blood-soaked than Noriega, who often came off as a
- tin-pot dictator. Yet the similarities were striking. Like many
- of their kind, both described themselves as reformers,
- Ceausescu as a leader independent of Moscow, Noriega as a
- Panamanian nationalist. The U.S. was not above using both when
- they served its special purposes. Richard Nixon welcomed
- Ceausescu's help in negotiating the first opening to China;
- under Ronald Reagan, the CIA sought Noriega's assistance in
- aiding Nicaragua's contras. But in Ceausescu's 24 years of iron
- rule and Noriega's six, both eventually proved once again Lord
- Acton's thesis that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts
- absolutely.
- </p>
- <p> Both became drunk with vanity. Ceausescu styled himself the
- "Genius of the Carpathians," put his face on posters all over
- Rumania and had 30 volumes of his speeches published. One of
- Noriega's last political acts was to have himself named Maximum
- Leader. Both pursued quirky impulses. Ceausescu made his wife
- Elena his deputy, and she not only draped herself in furs and
- jewelry but also used the police to spy on her grown daughter's
- love life. According to U.S. Army investigators, Noriega
- practiced Santeria, a mystic religion, and wore red underwear
- to fend off the evil eye.
- </p>
- <p> Both have been accused of stealing hundreds of millions of
- dollars and hiding their fortunes abroad while reducing their
- poverty-stricken peoples to even worse states of poverty. Both
- created secret police forces to do their bidding, and both
- suppressed opponents without mercy. Both seemed to acquire the
- final illusion of the corrupted dictator, the megalomaniacal
- fantasy that he owns his country as a private possession, and
- that his people admire his strength. Sic semper tyrannis.
- </p>
- <p> Despite protests against the invasion of Panama and legal
- questions about U.S. justification, it is difficult to credit
- the Noriega regime with real legitimacy. Aside from the
- general's alleged crimes, ranging from drug dealing to murder,
- he simply canceled last spring's election after it had gone
- against him, ruling thereafter by force. There was
- international criticism too of the secret trial and hasty
- execution of Ceausescu. But in both cases, the legalities were
- overwhelmed by a kind of political necessity--and both
- countries should be the better for it in the new year. If, that
- is, they prove equal to the long and painful task of rebuilding
- the wreckage the two dictators left behind.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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